An adaptive guidance meta-heuristic for the vehicle routing problem with splits and clustered backhauls

● If one considers the instances with Q= 2 with respect to those with Q= 1, the routing cost decreases by 44.30% in the case of 10 customers, up to 47.65% in the case of 50 customers. ● If one compares the instances with Q= 4 to those with Q= 2, the routing cost decreases by 38.72% in the case of 10 customers, up to 46.06% in the case of 40 customers. ● If one considers the instances with Q= 6 with respect to those with vehicles Q= 4, the routing cost decreases by 20.02% in the case of 10 customers, up to 26.94% in the case of 20 customers.